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No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando
No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando was a battalion size formation in the British Commandos, formed during the Second World War. The Commando was assigned to the 3rd Special Service Brigade and served in the Burma Campaign.
==Background==
The British Commandos were formed in 1940, by the order of Winston Churchill the British Prime Minister. He called for specially trained troops that would "develop a reign of terror down the enemy coast".〔Chappell, p.5〕 At first they were a small force of volunteers who carried out small raids against enemy occupied territory, 〔Chappell, p.3〕 but by 1943 their role had changed into lightly equipped assault Infantry which specialised in spearheading amphibious landings.〔Moreman, p.8〕
The man selected as the overall commander of the force was Admiral Sir Roger Keyes himself a veteran of the landings at Galipoli and the Zeebrugge raid in the First World War.〔Chappell, p.6〕 Initially the Commandos were a British Army formation the first Royal Marine Commando was formed in 1942.〔Fowler, p.5〕 The Royal Marine Commandos like all British Commandos went through the six week intensive commando course at Achnacarry. The course in the Scottish Highlands concentrated on fitness, speed marches, weapons training, map reading, climbing, small boat operations and demolitions both by day and by night.〔van der Bijl, p.12〕 No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando was formed on 1 August 1943, under command of Lieutenant Colonel F C Horton and consisted of seven Troops just over 400 men.〔Haining, p.47〕 Each Troop consisted of three officers and 62 men in a small headquarters and two sections.〔Chappell, p.7〕 In 1943 the commando formation was also standardised, into a small headquarters,five fighting Troops, a Heavy Weapons troop and a signals platoon. The fighting Troops consisted of 65 all ranks divided into two 30 man sections which in turn were divided into three ten man sub sections. The Heavy Weapons Troop was made up of 3 inch Mortar and Vickers machine gun teams.〔van der Bijl, p.28〕
No.44 (Royal Marine) Commando was raised in August 1943, from the 3rd Royal Marine Battalion under command of Lieutenant Colonel F C Horton. It served in the Far East with the 3rd Special Service Brigade. It took part in the Burma Campaign and was located in the Arakan during the Japanese U-Go Offensive, before carrying out a number of raids along the Burmese coastline. During the 1944–45 third Arakan offensive it took part in the landings at Myebon and the battle of Hill 170. It was then withdrawn to India to prepare for the invasion of Malaya Operation Zipper. The war ended before the operation began and the commando was diverted to reoccupy Hong Kong.〔Moreman, p.93〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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